全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2528篇 |
免费 | 765篇 |
国内免费 | 137篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 492篇 |
晶体学 | 29篇 |
力学 | 481篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
数学 | 353篇 |
物理学 | 2050篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 41篇 |
2022年 | 99篇 |
2021年 | 94篇 |
2020年 | 94篇 |
2019年 | 106篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 133篇 |
2016年 | 170篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 188篇 |
2013年 | 199篇 |
2012年 | 144篇 |
2011年 | 183篇 |
2010年 | 144篇 |
2009年 | 152篇 |
2008年 | 169篇 |
2007年 | 155篇 |
2006年 | 154篇 |
2005年 | 123篇 |
2004年 | 113篇 |
2003年 | 116篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 67篇 |
1999年 | 67篇 |
1998年 | 48篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 34篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3430条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
A new study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose with a bulk acoustic wave sensor 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A new bulk acoustic wave (BAW) cellulase sensing technique, which is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis process of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by cellulase, was established. The frequency shift curves of BAW sensor indicated that the viscosity of the tested solutions decreased during the hydrolysis process. The hydrolysis rate of CMC by cellulase was calculated from the frequency shift curves. The hydrolysis rate of CMC under different pH conditions at 30°C showed that cellulase had high hydrolysis ability approximately at pH 5.0. Kinetic parameters (the Michaelis constant Km and the maximum rate Vmax) of the process were estimated by using a linear method of Lineweaver–Burk plot. Km is 1.95±0.25 mg ml−1 and Vmax is −(4.25±0.58)×10−3 g1/2 cm−3/2 cP1/2 min−1. Also the activation energy (Ea) of the enzymatic hydrolysis, with a value of 51.99±1.26 kJ mol−1, was estimated in this work. 相似文献
62.
Habib Zribi 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2022,45(1):93-112
We derive relationships between the shape deformation of an impenetrable obstacle and boundary measurements of scattering fields on the perturbed shape itself. Our derivation is rigorous by using a systematic way, based on layer potential techniques and the field expansion (FE) method (formal derivation). We extend these techniques to derive asymptotic expansions of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DNO) and Neumann-to-Dirichlet (NDO) operators in terms of the small perturbations of the obstacle as well as relationships between the shape deformation of an obstacle and boundary measurements of DNO or NDO on the perturbed shape itself. All relationships lead us to very effective algorithms for determining lower order Fourier coefficients of the shape perturbation of the obstacle. 相似文献
63.
定域分子轨道在分子体系的化学图象和物理图象之间充当重要的桥梁作用,它的产生依赖于定域化准则,其中最普遍使用的是Foster-Boys和Edmiston-Ruedenberg(E—R)提出的两种定域化准则。这两种定域化准则是等价的,因而结果也是一致的。但对于E—R定域化来说,由于涉及到大量的多中心积分的计算,计算极为费时,因而远不如Foster-Boys定 相似文献
64.
Ordered aggregation of thiol-passivated Au nanoparticles in a diblock copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) has been observed. The morphology of the diblock copolymer/Au-nanocomposite was dependent on the composition of the thiol modifier. For the thiol modifier that does not preferentially interact with one of the blocks, a perpendicular (relative to the substrate) lamellar morphology is maintained. However, for a thiol with a surfactant structure similar to one of the blocks, we observed a parallel lamellar morphology and speculate that the nanoparticles have localized at the microdomain interface. These conclusions are based on transmission electron microscopy, angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron microscopy and tensiometry. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions on the hybrid systems composed of block copolymers and nanoparticles. 相似文献
65.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(12):104347
The high-pressure structures and properties of MH2 (M = Nb, Ta) are explored through an ab initio evolutionary algorithm for crystal structure prediction and first-principles calculations. It is found that NbH2 undergoes a phase transition from a cubic Fmm structure with regular NbH8 cubes to an orthorhombic Pnma structure with fascinating distorted NbH9 tetrakaidecahedrons at 48.8 GPa, while the phase transition pressure of TaH2 from a hexagonal P63mc phase with slightly distorted TaH7 decahedron to an orthorhombic Pnma phase with attractive distorted TaH9 tetrakaidecahedrons is about 90.0 GPa. Besides, the calculated electronic band structure and density of states demonstrate that all of these structures are metallic. The Poisson’s ratio, electron localization function, and Bader charge analysis suggest that these phases possess dominant ionic bonding character with the effective charges transferring from the metal atom to H. From our electron–phonon calculations, the calculated superconducting critical temperature Tc of the Pnma-NbH2 is 6.903 K at 50 GPa. Finally, via the quasi-harmonic approximation method, the phase diagrams at pressure up to 300 GPa and temperature up to 1000 K of MH2 (M = Nb, Ta) are established, where the transition pressure of Fmm-NbH2 → Pnma-NbH2 and P63mc-TaH2 → Pnma-TaH2 were found to decrease with increasing temperature. 相似文献
66.
一种新型的表面声波阻抗传感器及其在液相体系中的应用姚守拙,陈康,刘德忠,聂利华(湖南大学化学化工系,长沙,410082)关键词表面声波,阻抗传感器,液相应用表面声波传感器(SAWS)具有较高的灵敏度和检测精度,已广泛应用于气体微量组分分析、色谱检测和... 相似文献
67.
68.
Kaupp M Patrakov A Reviakine R Malkina OL 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(9):2773-2782
The characteristic dependence of J(31P,31P) spin-spin coupling constants of alkali metal tetraphosphane-1,4-diides on structure and composition has been analyzed by density functional methods. The computations confirm that the structure of the contact ion pairs is conserved in solution. Calculations on model systems M2P4H4, on naked P4H4(2-) anions, and on models including point charges, show that the role of the cations is mainly structural and to a smaller extent electrostatic. Three of the four J(P,P) coupling constants depend characteristically on the conformation of the anion, which in turn is determined by the substituents R and by cation-anion interactions. Several couplings exhibit a large through-space component and are thus strongly dependent on the relative orientation of nonbonding electron pairs on the phosphorus atoms involved. This is shown by visualization of coupling pathways using the recently introduced coupling energy density (CED), in combination with the electron localization function (ELF). 相似文献
69.
70.
Namieśnik J Zabiegała B Kot-Wasik A Partyka M Wasik A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,381(2):279-301
The current state-of-the-art of passive sampling and/or extraction methods for long-term monitoring of pollutants in different environmental compartments is discussed in this review. Passive dosimeters that have been successfully used to monitor organic and inorganic contaminants in air, water, sediments, and soil are presented. The application of new approaches to the determination of pollutants at the sampling stage is discussed. The main milestones in the development of passive techniques for sampling and/or extraction of analytes, and in biomonitors used in environmental analysis, are summarized in this review. Passive samplers and biomonitors are compared. 相似文献